The Bologna rules—which make university grades, subjects, courses, and degrees comparable and thus exchangeable across the European Union—may well usher in the competition that is now so sorely lacking on the sub-continent, as you suggest (“Winning by Degrees,” May 5, 2007). The best and the brightest will “shop” for better deals ever farther from their homes. In time, they will find the best universities around, thus increasing the competitive pressure on all universities, no matter how sluggish they may be to pick up the game. But the best among the best and the brightest among the brightest will soon learn that the superior American universities beckon from across the Atlantic. Some of them will be following their teachers, too. Sadly for the EU authorities behind the Bologna rules, competition is bound to get global even in university education.